Abstract
Objective
Recent legal changes in Germany make non-compliance with advance directives (ADs) a criminal offence. This article assesses the evidence on attitudes towards, use of, and physician compliance with ADs in Germany.
Methods
Critical review: studies on ADs, identified from a systematic review of culture and end-of-life care in Germany (11 electronic databases, 3 journals, reference lists, and grey literature), were included. An interpretative synthesis of findings revealed cross-cutting themes.
Results
Thirty-two studies (1996–2009) were identified. Key themes were: awareness; utilization; compliance; and bindingness of ADs. There was a positive trend between awareness of ADs and study publication date. Use varied between patient groups (0.3–62%) and was low amongst the general population (2.5–10%). Fears about ADs’ purpose and possible abuse were identified. Physician discomfort in discussing ADs and non-compliance were reported. Physicians preferred legally binding ADs, though conflicting results were reported for patients’ desired level of bindingness.
Conclusion
Although there is increasing awareness of ADs in Germany, there remains low use, poor communication, fears of abuse, some non-compliance and contradictory evidence regarding desired bindingness.
Recent legal changes in Germany make non-compliance with advance directives (ADs) a criminal offence. This article assesses the evidence on attitudes towards, use of, and physician compliance with ADs in Germany.
Methods
Critical review: studies on ADs, identified from a systematic review of culture and end-of-life care in Germany (11 electronic databases, 3 journals, reference lists, and grey literature), were included. An interpretative synthesis of findings revealed cross-cutting themes.
Results
Thirty-two studies (1996–2009) were identified. Key themes were: awareness; utilization; compliance; and bindingness of ADs. There was a positive trend between awareness of ADs and study publication date. Use varied between patient groups (0.3–62%) and was low amongst the general population (2.5–10%). Fears about ADs’ purpose and possible abuse were identified. Physician discomfort in discussing ADs and non-compliance were reported. Physicians preferred legally binding ADs, though conflicting results were reported for patients’ desired level of bindingness.
Conclusion
Although there is increasing awareness of ADs in Germany, there remains low use, poor communication, fears of abuse, some non-compliance and contradictory evidence regarding desired bindingness.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | N/A |
| Pages (from-to) | 277-288 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Patient Education and Counseling |
| Volume | 87 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jun 2012 |
Keywords
- Advance Care Planning
- Advance Directive Adherence
- Advance Directives
- Attitude of Health Personnel
- Communication
- Decision Making
- Germany
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Humans
- Physicians
