A cross-sectional cohort study of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers in normal-weight and obese subjects during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

Hayder F. Saloom; Guy H. Carpenter; Martyn T. Cobourne

doi:10.2319/100518-719.1

A cross-sectional cohort study of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers in normal-weight and obese subjects during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

Hayder F. Saloom, Guy H. Carpenter, Martyn T. Cobourne^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the effects of obesity on biomarker levels within lower incisor gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in subjects undergoing routine fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional clinical cohort study. GCF was collected from normal-weight and obese subjects at completion of alignment at least 1 month after placement of 0.019 3 0.025-inch stainless-steel archwires. The primary outcome was the difference in GCF biomarker levels between groups. Secondary outcomes included differences in clinical parameters of plaque and gingival indices, unstimulated whole-mouth saliva, and GCF flow rates. Results: Thirty-eight subjects (18 male, 20 female) with a mean age of 25.6 (SD, 6.3) years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 (1.6) in normal-weight and 32.4 (2.2) kg/m² in obese groups were investigated. Apart from BMI (P, .0001), there were no statistically significant differences in essential demographics between groups. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin (P, .009) and the tissue-remodeling biomarker matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9; P, .020) were identified in the obese cohort. For the remainder of the biomarkers, including the RANKL bone-remodeling marker and several inflammatory markers, there were no significant differences between groups. No correlation was observed between plaque index or gingival index for any GCF biomarker for either group (P ¼ .07–1.00). Conclusions: This study investigated the GCF biochemical profile of obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin and the tissue-remodeling biomarker MMP9 were identified in the obese group. These data provide evidence of differences in GCF biochemistry between obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	930-935
Number of pages	6
Journal	Angle Orthodontist
Volume	89
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2319/100518-719.1
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2019

Keywords

Biomarkers
GCF
Obesity
Orthodontics

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.2319/100518-719.1

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title = "A cross-sectional cohort study of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers in normal-weight and obese subjects during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances",

abstract = "Objectives: To investigate the effects of obesity on biomarker levels within lower incisor gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in subjects undergoing routine fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional clinical cohort study. GCF was collected from normal-weight and obese subjects at completion of alignment at least 1 month after placement of 0.019 3 0.025-inch stainless-steel archwires. The primary outcome was the difference in GCF biomarker levels between groups. Secondary outcomes included differences in clinical parameters of plaque and gingival indices, unstimulated whole-mouth saliva, and GCF flow rates. Results: Thirty-eight subjects (18 male, 20 female) with a mean age of 25.6 (SD, 6.3) years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 (1.6) in normal-weight and 32.4 (2.2) kg/m2 in obese groups were investigated. Apart from BMI (P, .0001), there were no statistically significant differences in essential demographics between groups. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin (P, .009) and the tissue-remodeling biomarker matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9; P, .020) were identified in the obese cohort. For the remainder of the biomarkers, including the RANKL bone-remodeling marker and several inflammatory markers, there were no significant differences between groups. No correlation was observed between plaque index or gingival index for any GCF biomarker for either group (P ¼ .07–1.00). Conclusions: This study investigated the GCF biochemical profile of obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin and the tissue-remodeling biomarker MMP9 were identified in the obese group. These data provide evidence of differences in GCF biochemistry between obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.",

keywords = "Biomarkers, GCF, Obesity, Orthodontics",

author = "Saloom, {Hayder F.} and Carpenter, {Guy H.} and Cobourne, {Martyn T.}",

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T1 - A cross-sectional cohort study of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers in normal-weight and obese subjects during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

AU - Saloom, Hayder F.

AU - Carpenter, Guy H.

AU - Cobourne, Martyn T.

PY - 2019/1/1

Y1 - 2019/1/1

N2 - Objectives: To investigate the effects of obesity on biomarker levels within lower incisor gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in subjects undergoing routine fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional clinical cohort study. GCF was collected from normal-weight and obese subjects at completion of alignment at least 1 month after placement of 0.019 3 0.025-inch stainless-steel archwires. The primary outcome was the difference in GCF biomarker levels between groups. Secondary outcomes included differences in clinical parameters of plaque and gingival indices, unstimulated whole-mouth saliva, and GCF flow rates. Results: Thirty-eight subjects (18 male, 20 female) with a mean age of 25.6 (SD, 6.3) years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 (1.6) in normal-weight and 32.4 (2.2) kg/m2 in obese groups were investigated. Apart from BMI (P, .0001), there were no statistically significant differences in essential demographics between groups. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin (P, .009) and the tissue-remodeling biomarker matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9; P, .020) were identified in the obese cohort. For the remainder of the biomarkers, including the RANKL bone-remodeling marker and several inflammatory markers, there were no significant differences between groups. No correlation was observed between plaque index or gingival index for any GCF biomarker for either group (P ¼ .07–1.00). Conclusions: This study investigated the GCF biochemical profile of obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin and the tissue-remodeling biomarker MMP9 were identified in the obese group. These data provide evidence of differences in GCF biochemistry between obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.

AB - Objectives: To investigate the effects of obesity on biomarker levels within lower incisor gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in subjects undergoing routine fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional clinical cohort study. GCF was collected from normal-weight and obese subjects at completion of alignment at least 1 month after placement of 0.019 3 0.025-inch stainless-steel archwires. The primary outcome was the difference in GCF biomarker levels between groups. Secondary outcomes included differences in clinical parameters of plaque and gingival indices, unstimulated whole-mouth saliva, and GCF flow rates. Results: Thirty-eight subjects (18 male, 20 female) with a mean age of 25.6 (SD, 6.3) years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 (1.6) in normal-weight and 32.4 (2.2) kg/m2 in obese groups were investigated. Apart from BMI (P, .0001), there were no statistically significant differences in essential demographics between groups. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin (P, .009) and the tissue-remodeling biomarker matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9; P, .020) were identified in the obese cohort. For the remainder of the biomarkers, including the RANKL bone-remodeling marker and several inflammatory markers, there were no significant differences between groups. No correlation was observed between plaque index or gingival index for any GCF biomarker for either group (P ¼ .07–1.00). Conclusions: This study investigated the GCF biochemical profile of obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment. Significantly increased levels of the adipokine leptin and the tissue-remodeling biomarker MMP9 were identified in the obese group. These data provide evidence of differences in GCF biochemistry between obese and normal-weight subjects undergoing fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.

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KW - GCF

KW - Obesity

KW - Orthodontics

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DO - 10.2319/100518-719.1

M3 - Article

C2 - 30920872

AN - SCOPUS:85073581373

SN - 0003-3219

VL - 89

SP - 930

EP - 935

JO - Angle Orthodontist

JF - Angle Orthodontist

IS - 6

ER -

A cross-sectional cohort study of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers in normal-weight and obese subjects during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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