A valid and reliable test of technical skill for vision impaired football

Oliver R. Runswick; Alexander Rawlinson; Naomi Datson; Peter M. Allen

doi:10.1080/24733938.2021.1885725

A valid and reliable test of technical skill for vision impaired football

Oliver R. Runswick^*, Alexander Rawlinson, Naomi Datson, Peter M. Allen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The International Paralympic Committee requires international federations to develop and implement sport-specific classification guidelines based on scientific evidence. Performance tests are key to developing new evidence-based criteria in football for athletes with vision impairment (VI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable test of technical performance for VI football.

METHODS: To assure content and face validity, the Vision Impaired Football Skills (VIFS) test was based on recommendations from experienced players and coaches. To test construct validity, we compared 24 sighted football players split into two groups based on highest-level of performance but matched on experience. To test reliability participants completed the VIFS three times on two separate days.

RESULTS: Results supported construct validity through detecting differences in performance times between the two groups (p = .004, g = 1.28 95% CI = 0.41 - 2.15). Bias between visits (.54s ± 2.93s; 95% LoA = -5.21- 6.29) and intraclass correlations (.81, 95% CI = .56 - .92) showed between-day agreement and reliability. Within-day reliability was good after a familiarisation trial.

CONCLUSIONS: Results support the suitability for the VIFS test for classification research. Future work should establish feasibility for players with a VI.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	89-97
Number of pages	9
Journal	Science and Medicine in Football
Volume	6
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2021.1885725
Publication status	Published - Feb 2022

Keywords

classification
Paralympic
performance
soccer

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10.1080/24733938.2021.1885725

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title = "A valid and reliable test of technical skill for vision impaired football",

abstract = "OBJECTIVES: The International Paralympic Committee requires international federations to develop and implement sport-specific classification guidelines based on scientific evidence. Performance tests are key to developing new evidence-based criteria in football for athletes with vision impairment (VI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable test of technical performance for VI football.METHODS: To assure content and face validity, the Vision Impaired Football Skills (VIFS) test was based on recommendations from experienced players and coaches. To test construct validity, we compared 24 sighted football players split into two groups based on highest-level of performance but matched on experience. To test reliability participants completed the VIFS three times on two separate days.RESULTS: Results supported construct validity through detecting differences in performance times between the two groups (p = .004, g = 1.28 95% CI = 0.41 - 2.15). Bias between visits (.54s ± 2.93s; 95% LoA = -5.21- 6.29) and intraclass correlations (.81, 95% CI = .56 - .92) showed between-day agreement and reliability. Within-day reliability was good after a familiarisation trial.CONCLUSIONS: Results support the suitability for the VIFS test for classification research. Future work should establish feasibility for players with a VI.",

keywords = "classification, Paralympic, performance, soccer",

author = "Runswick, {Oliver R.} and Alexander Rawlinson and Naomi Datson and Allen, {Peter M.}",

note = "Funding Information: This project has been carried out with the support of a Classification Research Grant from the International Paralympic Committee. OR and PA receive funding from the International Paralympic Committee and International Blind Sports Federation. PA receives research funding via a Collaborative Research Grant from the College of Optometrists. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",

year = "2022",

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doi = "10.1080/24733938.2021.1885725",

language = "English",

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AU - Datson, Naomi

AU - Allen, Peter M.

N1 - Funding Information: This project has been carried out with the support of a Classification Research Grant from the International Paralympic Committee. OR and PA receive funding from the International Paralympic Committee and International Blind Sports Federation. PA receives research funding via a Collaborative Research Grant from the College of Optometrists. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

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N2 - OBJECTIVES: The International Paralympic Committee requires international federations to develop and implement sport-specific classification guidelines based on scientific evidence. Performance tests are key to developing new evidence-based criteria in football for athletes with vision impairment (VI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable test of technical performance for VI football.METHODS: To assure content and face validity, the Vision Impaired Football Skills (VIFS) test was based on recommendations from experienced players and coaches. To test construct validity, we compared 24 sighted football players split into two groups based on highest-level of performance but matched on experience. To test reliability participants completed the VIFS three times on two separate days.RESULTS: Results supported construct validity through detecting differences in performance times between the two groups (p = .004, g = 1.28 95% CI = 0.41 - 2.15). Bias between visits (.54s ± 2.93s; 95% LoA = -5.21- 6.29) and intraclass correlations (.81, 95% CI = .56 - .92) showed between-day agreement and reliability. Within-day reliability was good after a familiarisation trial.CONCLUSIONS: Results support the suitability for the VIFS test for classification research. Future work should establish feasibility for players with a VI.

AB - OBJECTIVES: The International Paralympic Committee requires international federations to develop and implement sport-specific classification guidelines based on scientific evidence. Performance tests are key to developing new evidence-based criteria in football for athletes with vision impairment (VI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable test of technical performance for VI football.METHODS: To assure content and face validity, the Vision Impaired Football Skills (VIFS) test was based on recommendations from experienced players and coaches. To test construct validity, we compared 24 sighted football players split into two groups based on highest-level of performance but matched on experience. To test reliability participants completed the VIFS three times on two separate days.RESULTS: Results supported construct validity through detecting differences in performance times between the two groups (p = .004, g = 1.28 95% CI = 0.41 - 2.15). Bias between visits (.54s ± 2.93s; 95% LoA = -5.21- 6.29) and intraclass correlations (.81, 95% CI = .56 - .92) showed between-day agreement and reliability. Within-day reliability was good after a familiarisation trial.CONCLUSIONS: Results support the suitability for the VIFS test for classification research. Future work should establish feasibility for players with a VI.

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ER -

A valid and reliable test of technical skill for vision impaired football

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