Annual Research Review: Anterior Modifiers in the Emergence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (AMEND)—a systems neuroscience approach to common developmental disorders

Mark H. Johnson*, Tony Charman, Andrew Pickles, Emily J.H. Jones

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

38 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We present the Anterior Modifiers in the Emergence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (AMEND) framework, designed to reframe the field of prospective studies of neurodevelopmental disorders. In AMEND we propose conceptual, statistical and methodological approaches to separating markers of early-stage perturbations from later developmental modifiers. We describe the evidence for, and features of, these interacting components before outlining analytical approaches to studying how different profiles of early perturbations and later modifiers interact to produce phenotypic outcomes. We suggest this approach could both advance our theoretical understanding and clinical approach to the emergence of developmental psychopathology in early childhood.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)610-630
Number of pages21
JournalJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
Volume62
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - May 2021

Keywords

  • autism spectrum disorders
  • brain development
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders

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