Biological and psychosocial risk factors for psychotic major depression

Margaret Heslin; Roopal Desai; Julia Lappin; Kim Donoghue; Ben Lomas; Ulrich Reininghaus; Adanna Nkeiru Onyejiaka; T Croudace; P.B. Jones; Robin MacGregor Murray; P Fearon; G. Doody; Paola Dazzan; Helen Fisher; Arsime Demjaha; Thomas Kern Jamieson-Craig; Craig Morgan

doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1131-1

Biological and psychosocial risk factors for psychotic major depression

Margaret Heslin, Roopal Desai, Julia Lappin, Kim Donoghue, Ben Lomas, Ulrich Reininghaus, Adanna Nkeiru Onyejiaka, T Croudace, P.B. Jones, Robin MacGregor Murray, P Fearon, G. Doody, Paola Dazzan, Helen Fisher, Arsime Demjaha, Thomas Kern Jamieson-Craig, Craig Morgan

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Abstract

AIMS:
Few studies have investigated risk factors for psychotic major depression (PMD). We aimed to investigate the biological and psychosocial risk factors associated with PMD compared with other psychotic disorders.

METHODS:
Based on the aetiology and ethnicity in schizophrenia and other psychoses (ÆSOP) study, we used a case-control study to identify and recruit, at baseline and 10-year follow-up, all first episode cases of psychosis, presenting for the first time to specialist mental health services in defined catchment areas in the UK. Population-based controls were recruited from the same areas. Data were collected on: sociodemographics; social isolation; childhood adversity; life events; minor physical anomalies; and neurological soft signs.

RESULTS:
Living alone (aOR = 2.26, CI = 1.21-4.23), basic level qualification (aOR = 2.89, CI = 1.08-7.74), being unemployed (aOR = 2.12, CI = 1.13-3.96), having contact with friends less than monthly (aOR = 4.24, CI = 1.62-11.14), having no close confidants (aOR = 4.71, CI = 2.08-10.68), having experienced childhood adversity (aOR = 2.57, CI = 1.02-6.44), family history of mental illness (aOR = 10.68, CI = 5.06-22.52), family history of psychosis (aOR = 12.85, CI = 5.24-31.51), and having more neurological soft signs (aOR = 1.15, CI = 1.07-1.24) were all associated with a follow-up diagnosis of PMD and schizophrenia. Few variables associated with PMD were also associated with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Minor physical anomalies were associated with a follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but not PMD.

CONCLUSIONS:
Risk factors associated with PMD appear to overlap with those for schizophrenia, but less so for bipolar disorder. Future work on the differential aetiology of PMD, from other psychoses is needed to find the 'specifier' between PMD and other psychoses. Future research on aetiology in PMD, and perhaps other psychoses, should account for diagnostic change.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	233-245
Number of pages	13
Journal	Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Volume	51
Issue number	2
Early online date	31 Oct 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1131-1
Publication status	Published - Feb 2016

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Heslin, M., Desai, R., Lappin, J., Donoghue, K., Lomas, B., Reininghaus, U., Onyejiaka, A. N., Croudace, T., Jones, P. B., Murray, R. M., Fearon, P., Doody, G., Dazzan, P., Fisher, H., Demjaha, A., Jamieson-Craig, T. K., & Morgan, C. (2016). Biological and psychosocial risk factors for psychotic major depression. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(2), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1131-1

@article{bd45ff444bb74a34a930d3cf90cc5acc,

title = "Biological and psychosocial risk factors for psychotic major depression",

abstract = "AIMS: Few studies have investigated risk factors for psychotic major depression (PMD). We aimed to investigate the biological and psychosocial risk factors associated with PMD compared with other psychotic disorders.METHODS:Based on the aetiology and ethnicity in schizophrenia and other psychoses ({\AE}SOP) study, we used a case-control study to identify and recruit, at baseline and 10-year follow-up, all first episode cases of psychosis, presenting for the first time to specialist mental health services in defined catchment areas in the UK. Population-based controls were recruited from the same areas. Data were collected on: sociodemographics; social isolation; childhood adversity; life events; minor physical anomalies; and neurological soft signs.RESULTS:Living alone (aOR = 2.26, CI = 1.21-4.23), basic level qualification (aOR = 2.89, CI = 1.08-7.74), being unemployed (aOR = 2.12, CI = 1.13-3.96), having contact with friends less than monthly (aOR = 4.24, CI = 1.62-11.14), having no close confidants (aOR = 4.71, CI = 2.08-10.68), having experienced childhood adversity (aOR = 2.57, CI = 1.02-6.44), family history of mental illness (aOR = 10.68, CI = 5.06-22.52), family history of psychosis (aOR = 12.85, CI = 5.24-31.51), and having more neurological soft signs (aOR = 1.15, CI = 1.07-1.24) were all associated with a follow-up diagnosis of PMD and schizophrenia. Few variables associated with PMD were also associated with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Minor physical anomalies were associated with a follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but not PMD.CONCLUSIONS:Risk factors associated with PMD appear to overlap with those for schizophrenia, but less so for bipolar disorder. Future work on the differential aetiology of PMD, from other psychoses is needed to find the 'specifier' between PMD and other psychoses. Future research on aetiology in PMD, and perhaps other psychoses, should account for diagnostic change.",

author = "Margaret Heslin and Roopal Desai and Julia Lappin and Kim Donoghue and Ben Lomas and Ulrich Reininghaus and Onyejiaka, {Adanna Nkeiru} and T Croudace and P.B. Jones and Murray, {Robin MacGregor} and P Fearon and G. Doody and Paola Dazzan and Helen Fisher and Arsime Demjaha and Jamieson-Craig, {Thomas Kern} and Craig Morgan",

year = "2016",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1007/s00127-015-1131-1",

language = "English",

volume = "51",

pages = "233--245",

journal = "Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology",

issn = "0933-7954",

publisher = "Science House",

number = "2",

}

Heslin, M , Desai, R , Lappin, J , Donoghue, K, Lomas, B, Reininghaus, U , Onyejiaka, AN, Croudace, T, Jones, PB, Murray, RM, Fearon, P, Doody, G, Dazzan, P , Fisher, H , Demjaha, A , Jamieson-Craig, TK & Morgan, C 2016, 'Biological and psychosocial risk factors for psychotic major depression', Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1131-1

TY - JOUR

T1 - Biological and psychosocial risk factors for psychotic major depression

AU - Heslin, Margaret

AU - Desai, Roopal

AU - Lappin, Julia

AU - Donoghue, Kim

AU - Lomas, Ben

AU - Reininghaus, Ulrich

AU - Onyejiaka, Adanna Nkeiru

AU - Croudace, T

AU - Jones, P.B.

AU - Murray, Robin MacGregor

AU - Fearon, P

AU - Doody, G.

AU - Dazzan, Paola

AU - Fisher, Helen

AU - Demjaha, Arsime

AU - Jamieson-Craig, Thomas Kern

AU - Morgan, Craig

PY - 2016/2

Y1 - 2016/2

N2 - AIMS: Few studies have investigated risk factors for psychotic major depression (PMD). We aimed to investigate the biological and psychosocial risk factors associated with PMD compared with other psychotic disorders.METHODS:Based on the aetiology and ethnicity in schizophrenia and other psychoses (ÆSOP) study, we used a case-control study to identify and recruit, at baseline and 10-year follow-up, all first episode cases of psychosis, presenting for the first time to specialist mental health services in defined catchment areas in the UK. Population-based controls were recruited from the same areas. Data were collected on: sociodemographics; social isolation; childhood adversity; life events; minor physical anomalies; and neurological soft signs.RESULTS:Living alone (aOR = 2.26, CI = 1.21-4.23), basic level qualification (aOR = 2.89, CI = 1.08-7.74), being unemployed (aOR = 2.12, CI = 1.13-3.96), having contact with friends less than monthly (aOR = 4.24, CI = 1.62-11.14), having no close confidants (aOR = 4.71, CI = 2.08-10.68), having experienced childhood adversity (aOR = 2.57, CI = 1.02-6.44), family history of mental illness (aOR = 10.68, CI = 5.06-22.52), family history of psychosis (aOR = 12.85, CI = 5.24-31.51), and having more neurological soft signs (aOR = 1.15, CI = 1.07-1.24) were all associated with a follow-up diagnosis of PMD and schizophrenia. Few variables associated with PMD were also associated with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Minor physical anomalies were associated with a follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but not PMD.CONCLUSIONS:Risk factors associated with PMD appear to overlap with those for schizophrenia, but less so for bipolar disorder. Future work on the differential aetiology of PMD, from other psychoses is needed to find the 'specifier' between PMD and other psychoses. Future research on aetiology in PMD, and perhaps other psychoses, should account for diagnostic change.

AB - AIMS: Few studies have investigated risk factors for psychotic major depression (PMD). We aimed to investigate the biological and psychosocial risk factors associated with PMD compared with other psychotic disorders.METHODS:Based on the aetiology and ethnicity in schizophrenia and other psychoses (ÆSOP) study, we used a case-control study to identify and recruit, at baseline and 10-year follow-up, all first episode cases of psychosis, presenting for the first time to specialist mental health services in defined catchment areas in the UK. Population-based controls were recruited from the same areas. Data were collected on: sociodemographics; social isolation; childhood adversity; life events; minor physical anomalies; and neurological soft signs.RESULTS:Living alone (aOR = 2.26, CI = 1.21-4.23), basic level qualification (aOR = 2.89, CI = 1.08-7.74), being unemployed (aOR = 2.12, CI = 1.13-3.96), having contact with friends less than monthly (aOR = 4.24, CI = 1.62-11.14), having no close confidants (aOR = 4.71, CI = 2.08-10.68), having experienced childhood adversity (aOR = 2.57, CI = 1.02-6.44), family history of mental illness (aOR = 10.68, CI = 5.06-22.52), family history of psychosis (aOR = 12.85, CI = 5.24-31.51), and having more neurological soft signs (aOR = 1.15, CI = 1.07-1.24) were all associated with a follow-up diagnosis of PMD and schizophrenia. Few variables associated with PMD were also associated with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Minor physical anomalies were associated with a follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but not PMD.CONCLUSIONS:Risk factors associated with PMD appear to overlap with those for schizophrenia, but less so for bipolar disorder. Future work on the differential aetiology of PMD, from other psychoses is needed to find the 'specifier' between PMD and other psychoses. Future research on aetiology in PMD, and perhaps other psychoses, should account for diagnostic change.

U2 - 10.1007/s00127-015-1131-1

DO - 10.1007/s00127-015-1131-1

M3 - Article

SN - 0933-7954

VL - 51

SP - 233

EP - 245

JO - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

JF - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

IS - 2

ER -

Biological and psychosocial risk factors for psychotic major depression

Abstract

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