Evidence for spleen-specific uptake of a microbubble contrast agent: A quantitative study in healthy volunteers

AKP Lim; N Patel; RJ Eckersley; SD Taylor-Robinson; DO Cosgrove; MJK Blomley

doi:10.1148/radiol.2313030544

Evidence for spleen-specific uptake of a microbubble contrast agent: A quantitative study in healthy volunteers

AKP Lim^*, N Patel, RJ Eckersley, SD Taylor-Robinson, DO Cosgrove, MJK Blomley

^*Corresponding author for this work

Biomedical Engineering Department

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

124 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the microbubble contrast agent BR1.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were injected via arm vein wit a 1.2-mL bolus of BR1. Ultrasonographic images of liver and right kidney and of spleen and left kidney were obtained intermittently for 5 minutes with low-mechanical-index software (to minimize microbubble destruction) that shows stationary microbubbles in green. Percentage total uptake was calculated as the number of green pixels in the region of interest for each organ over time, divided by the total pixels. Relative uptake, the ratio of total uptake in liver to that in right kidney and of total uptake in spleen to that in left kidney, and differential uptake, the difference in total uptake between liver and right kidney and between spleen and left kidney, were calculated. Total uptake for each organ was plotted against time, and the gradient of a best-fit straight line was calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare mean uptake values in each subject. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons in sex and age.

RESULTS: Total uptake declined over 5 minutes in left and right kidney and in liver (from 88% +/- 10% [1 minute] to 67% +/- 14% [5 minutes]), but not in spleen (range, 90%-99%). Mean relative uptake +/-1 SD for spleen increased from 2.3 +/- 0.7 (1 minute) to 3.7 +/- 2.3 (5 minutes) (P = .005) but for liver was constant: 2.1 +/- 0.9 (1 minute) and 2.3 +/- 0.4 (5 minutes) (P = .06). Mean differential uptake +/-1 SD for spleen increased from 51.3% +/- 14.9% (1 minute) to 65.0% +/- 9.1% (5 minutes) (P = .002). Significant difference was seen over time in total uptake gradients between spleen and left kidney (P = .014) but not between liver and right kidney or right and left kidney. No difference was seen between men and women or with age.

CONCLUSION: BR1 produces spleen-specific enhancement that is longer (5 minutes) than the blood pool phase.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	785-788
Number of pages	4
Journal	Radiology
Volume	231
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2313030544
Publication status	Published - Jun 2004

Keywords

kidney, US
liver, US
microbubbles
spleen, US
ultrasound (US), contrast media
BLOOD-CELL SCAN
LIVER
ENHANCEMENT

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@article{6a01b1e5c67042049effba147911591b,

title = "Evidence for spleen-specific uptake of a microbubble contrast agent: A quantitative study in healthy volunteers",

abstract = "PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the microbubble contrast agent BR1.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were injected via arm vein wit a 1.2-mL bolus of BR1. Ultrasonographic images of liver and right kidney and of spleen and left kidney were obtained intermittently for 5 minutes with low-mechanical-index software (to minimize microbubble destruction) that shows stationary microbubbles in green. Percentage total uptake was calculated as the number of green pixels in the region of interest for each organ over time, divided by the total pixels. Relative uptake, the ratio of total uptake in liver to that in right kidney and of total uptake in spleen to that in left kidney, and differential uptake, the difference in total uptake between liver and right kidney and between spleen and left kidney, were calculated. Total uptake for each organ was plotted against time, and the gradient of a best-fit straight line was calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare mean uptake values in each subject. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons in sex and age.RESULTS: Total uptake declined over 5 minutes in left and right kidney and in liver (from 88% +/- 10% [1 minute] to 67% +/- 14% [5 minutes]), but not in spleen (range, 90%-99%). Mean relative uptake +/-1 SD for spleen increased from 2.3 +/- 0.7 (1 minute) to 3.7 +/- 2.3 (5 minutes) (P = .005) but for liver was constant: 2.1 +/- 0.9 (1 minute) and 2.3 +/- 0.4 (5 minutes) (P = .06). Mean differential uptake +/-1 SD for spleen increased from 51.3% +/- 14.9% (1 minute) to 65.0% +/- 9.1% (5 minutes) (P = .002). Significant difference was seen over time in total uptake gradients between spleen and left kidney (P = .014) but not between liver and right kidney or right and left kidney. No difference was seen between men and women or with age.CONCLUSION: BR1 produces spleen-specific enhancement that is longer (5 minutes) than the blood pool phase.",

keywords = "kidney, US, liver, US, microbubbles, spleen, US, ultrasound (US), contrast media, BLOOD-CELL SCAN, LIVER, ENHANCEMENT",

author = "AKP Lim and N Patel and RJ Eckersley and SD Taylor-Robinson and DO Cosgrove and MJK Blomley",

year = "2004",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1148/radiol.2313030544",

language = "English",

volume = "231",

pages = "785--788",

journal = "Radiology",

issn = "0033-8419",

publisher = "Radiological Society of North America",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Evidence for spleen-specific uptake of a microbubble contrast agent

T2 - A quantitative study in healthy volunteers

AU - Lim, AKP

AU - Patel, N

AU - Eckersley, RJ

AU - Taylor-Robinson, SD

AU - Cosgrove, DO

AU - Blomley, MJK

PY - 2004/6

Y1 - 2004/6

N2 - PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the microbubble contrast agent BR1.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were injected via arm vein wit a 1.2-mL bolus of BR1. Ultrasonographic images of liver and right kidney and of spleen and left kidney were obtained intermittently for 5 minutes with low-mechanical-index software (to minimize microbubble destruction) that shows stationary microbubbles in green. Percentage total uptake was calculated as the number of green pixels in the region of interest for each organ over time, divided by the total pixels. Relative uptake, the ratio of total uptake in liver to that in right kidney and of total uptake in spleen to that in left kidney, and differential uptake, the difference in total uptake between liver and right kidney and between spleen and left kidney, were calculated. Total uptake for each organ was plotted against time, and the gradient of a best-fit straight line was calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare mean uptake values in each subject. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons in sex and age.RESULTS: Total uptake declined over 5 minutes in left and right kidney and in liver (from 88% +/- 10% [1 minute] to 67% +/- 14% [5 minutes]), but not in spleen (range, 90%-99%). Mean relative uptake +/-1 SD for spleen increased from 2.3 +/- 0.7 (1 minute) to 3.7 +/- 2.3 (5 minutes) (P = .005) but for liver was constant: 2.1 +/- 0.9 (1 minute) and 2.3 +/- 0.4 (5 minutes) (P = .06). Mean differential uptake +/-1 SD for spleen increased from 51.3% +/- 14.9% (1 minute) to 65.0% +/- 9.1% (5 minutes) (P = .002). Significant difference was seen over time in total uptake gradients between spleen and left kidney (P = .014) but not between liver and right kidney or right and left kidney. No difference was seen between men and women or with age.CONCLUSION: BR1 produces spleen-specific enhancement that is longer (5 minutes) than the blood pool phase.

AB - PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the microbubble contrast agent BR1.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were injected via arm vein wit a 1.2-mL bolus of BR1. Ultrasonographic images of liver and right kidney and of spleen and left kidney were obtained intermittently for 5 minutes with low-mechanical-index software (to minimize microbubble destruction) that shows stationary microbubbles in green. Percentage total uptake was calculated as the number of green pixels in the region of interest for each organ over time, divided by the total pixels. Relative uptake, the ratio of total uptake in liver to that in right kidney and of total uptake in spleen to that in left kidney, and differential uptake, the difference in total uptake between liver and right kidney and between spleen and left kidney, were calculated. Total uptake for each organ was plotted against time, and the gradient of a best-fit straight line was calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare mean uptake values in each subject. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons in sex and age.RESULTS: Total uptake declined over 5 minutes in left and right kidney and in liver (from 88% +/- 10% [1 minute] to 67% +/- 14% [5 minutes]), but not in spleen (range, 90%-99%). Mean relative uptake +/-1 SD for spleen increased from 2.3 +/- 0.7 (1 minute) to 3.7 +/- 2.3 (5 minutes) (P = .005) but for liver was constant: 2.1 +/- 0.9 (1 minute) and 2.3 +/- 0.4 (5 minutes) (P = .06). Mean differential uptake +/-1 SD for spleen increased from 51.3% +/- 14.9% (1 minute) to 65.0% +/- 9.1% (5 minutes) (P = .002). Significant difference was seen over time in total uptake gradients between spleen and left kidney (P = .014) but not between liver and right kidney or right and left kidney. No difference was seen between men and women or with age.CONCLUSION: BR1 produces spleen-specific enhancement that is longer (5 minutes) than the blood pool phase.

KW - kidney, US

KW - liver, US

KW - microbubbles

KW - spleen, US

KW - ultrasound (US), contrast media

KW - BLOOD-CELL SCAN

KW - LIVER

KW - ENHANCEMENT

U2 - 10.1148/radiol.2313030544

DO - 10.1148/radiol.2313030544

M3 - Article

SN - 0033-8419

VL - 231

SP - 785

EP - 788

JO - Radiology

JF - Radiology

IS - 3

ER -

Evidence for spleen-specific uptake of a microbubble contrast agent: A quantitative study in healthy volunteers

Abstract

Keywords

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