Local, regional, or global? Quantifying MNE geographic scope

This paper proposes a multidimensional index of regional and global orientation that can be used in confirmatory studies with econometric methodologies. Unlike extant measures, the index is objectively scaled, and controls for home country orientation and market size differences. The index is shown to be consistent with models of internationalization that incorporate different assumptions about investment choice and global competition. Preliminary results show that large multinationals follow home region oriented internationalization paths, although much of the regional effect reported by previous studies in fact reflects strong home country biases.