TY - JOUR
T1 - Multi-year interlaboratory exercises for the analysis of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater
T2 - development of a quality control system
AU - van Nuijs, Alexander L.N.
AU - Lai, Foon Yin
AU - Been, Frederic
AU - Jesus Andres-Costa, Maria
AU - Barron, Leon
AU - Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio
AU - Berset, Jean-Daniel
AU - Benaglia, Lisa
AU - Bijlsma, Lubertus
AU - Burgard, Dan
AU - Castiglioni, Sara
AU - Christophoridis, Christophoros
AU - Covaci, Adrian
AU - de Voogt, Pim
AU - Emke, Erik
AU - Fatta-Kassinos, Despo
AU - Fick, Jerker
AU - Hernandez, Felix
AU - Gerber, Cobus
AU - González-Mariño, Iria
AU - Grabic, Roman
AU - Gunnar, Teemu
AU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam
AU - Karolak, Sara
AU - Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara
AU - Kokot, Zenon
AU - Krizman-Matasic, Ivona
AU - Li, Angela
AU - Li, Xiqing
AU - Löve, Arndís S.C.
AU - Lopez de Alda, Miren
AU - Meyer, Markus R.
AU - Oberacher, Herbert
AU - O’Brien, Jake
AU - Benito Quintana, Jose
AU - Reid, Malcolm
AU - Schneider, Serge
AU - Simoes, Susana Sadler
AU - Thomaidis, Nikolaos S.
AU - Thomas, Kevin
AU - Yargeau, Viviane
AU - Ort, Christoph
PY - 2018/3/22
Y1 - 2018/3/22
N2 - This study presents the development of a worldwide inter-laboratory testing scheme for the analysis of seven illicit drug residues in different matrices (standard solutions, tap- and wastewater). By repeating this exercise for six years with participation of 37 laboratories from 25 countries, the testing scheme was substantially improved based on experiences gained across the years (e.g. matrix type, sample conditions, spiking levels). From the exercises (pre-)analytical issues (e.g. pH adjustment, filtration), were revealed for some analytes which resulted in formulation of best-practice protocols, both for inter-laboratory setup and analytical procedures. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the inter-laboratory testing scheme in assessing laboratory performance in the framework of illicit drug analysis in wastewater. The exercise proved that measurements of laboratories were of high quality (>80% satisfactory results for 6 out of 7 analytes) and that analytical follow-up is important to assist laboratories in improving robustness of wastewater-based epidemiology results.
AB - This study presents the development of a worldwide inter-laboratory testing scheme for the analysis of seven illicit drug residues in different matrices (standard solutions, tap- and wastewater). By repeating this exercise for six years with participation of 37 laboratories from 25 countries, the testing scheme was substantially improved based on experiences gained across the years (e.g. matrix type, sample conditions, spiking levels). From the exercises (pre-)analytical issues (e.g. pH adjustment, filtration), were revealed for some analytes which resulted in formulation of best-practice protocols, both for inter-laboratory setup and analytical procedures. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the inter-laboratory testing scheme in assessing laboratory performance in the framework of illicit drug analysis in wastewater. The exercise proved that measurements of laboratories were of high quality (>80% satisfactory results for 6 out of 7 analytes) and that analytical follow-up is important to assist laboratories in improving robustness of wastewater-based epidemiology results.
KW - Illicit drugs
KW - wastewater
KW - inter-laboratory testing
KW - wastewater-based epidemiology
KW - quality assurance
U2 - 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.009
DO - 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.009
M3 - Article
SN - 0165-9936
JO - TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
JF - TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
ER -