Strategy, Theory and History: Operation Husky 1943

In his 1987 work ‘Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace’, Edward Luttwak described strategy as a field of activity characterised not only by an innately complex relationship between designs, actions, and outcomes, but so too by the frequent disparity between its theory and praxis. Similar observations on this subject have since been made by Richard K. Betts, Lawrence Freedman and Antulio Echavarria II. This article will use the Allied invasion of Sicily July-August 1943 as vehicle through which to test these theories against a signal event in the European theatre of World War Two. It will illustrate how Operation Husky and its aftermath are a paradigm of the confusing and often illogical course of events associated with the process of formulating strategy and waging war. In so doing it demonstrates the benefits of using strategic theory to illuminate events and so move beyond the often insular focus of campaign histories, and simultaneously reinforces the importance of military history in informing a theoretical understanding of strategy.