Abstract
Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 – 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432–912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9–412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (–29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (–27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Original language | English |
---|---|
Article number | 100341 |
Journal | The Lancet Regional Health - Europe |
Volume | 16 |
Early online date | 1 Apr 2022 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - May 2022 |
Keywords
- Europe
- Mental disorders
- Mental health
- Self-harm
- Substance use
- Young people
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In: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Vol. 16, 100341, 05.2022.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990–2019
T2 - Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
AU - Castelpietra, Giulio
AU - Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo
AU - Agardh, Emilie E.
AU - Armocida, Benedetta
AU - Beghi, Massimiliano
AU - Iburg, Kim Moesgaard
AU - Logroscino, Giancarlo
AU - Ma, Rui
AU - Starace, Fabrizio
AU - Steel, Nicholas
AU - Addolorato, Giovanni
AU - Andrei, Catalina Liliana
AU - Andrei, Tudorel
AU - Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L.
AU - Banach, Maciej
AU - Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
AU - Barone-Adesi, Francesco
AU - Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
AU - Carvalho, Felix
AU - Carvalho, Márcia
AU - Chandan, Joht Singh
AU - Chattu, Vijay Kumar
AU - Couto, Rosa A.S.
AU - Cruz-Martins, Natália
AU - Dargan, Paul I.
AU - Deuba, Keshab
AU - da Silva, Diana Dias
AU - Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
AU - Fernandes, Eduarda
AU - Ferrara, Pietro
AU - Fischer, Florian
AU - Gaal, Peter Andras
AU - Gialluisi, Alessandro
AU - Haagsma, Juanita A.
AU - Haro, Josep Maria
AU - Hasan, M. Tasdik
AU - Hasan, Syed Shahzad
AU - Hostiuc, Sorin
AU - Iacoviello, Licia
AU - Iavicoli, Ivo
AU - Jamshidi, Elham
AU - Jonas, Jost B.
AU - Joo, Tamas
AU - Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
AU - Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
AU - Kauppila, Joonas H.
AU - Khan, Moien A.B.
AU - Kisa, Adnan
AU - Kisa, Sezer
AU - Kivimäki, Mika
AU - Koly, Kamrun Nahar
AU - Koyanagi, Ai
AU - Kumar, Manasi
AU - Lallukka, Tea
AU - Langguth, Berthold
AU - Ledda, Caterina
AU - Lee, Paul H.
AU - Lega, Ilaria
AU - Linehan, Christine
AU - Loureiro, Joana A.
AU - Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M.
AU - Martinez-Raga, Jose
AU - Mathur, Manu Raj
AU - McGrath, John J.
AU - Mechili, Enkeleint A.
AU - Mentis, Alexios Fotios A.
AU - Mestrovic, Tomislav
AU - Miazgowski, Bartosz
AU - Mirica, Andreea
AU - Mirijello, Antonio
AU - Moazen, Babak
AU - Mohammed, Shafiu
AU - Mulita, Francesk
AU - Nagel, Gabriele
AU - Negoi, Ionut
AU - Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
AU - Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka
AU - Padron-Monedero, Alicia
AU - Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
AU - Pardhan, Shahina
AU - Pasovic, Maja
AU - Patel, Jay
AU - Petcu, Ionela Roxana
AU - Pinheiro, Marina
AU - Pollok, Richard Charles G.
AU - Postma, Maarten J.
AU - Rawaf, David Laith
AU - Rawaf, Salman
AU - Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza
AU - Ronfani, Luca
AU - Sagoe, Dominic
AU - Sanmarchi, Francesco
AU - Schaub, Michael P.
AU - Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse
AU - Shiri, Rahman
AU - Shokraneh, Farhad
AU - Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
AU - Silva, João Pedro
AU - Silva, Renata
AU - Socea, Bogdan
AU - Szócska, Miklós
AU - Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
AU - Torrado, Marco
AU - Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
AU - Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
AU - Veroux, Massimiliano
AU - Viner, Russell M.
AU - Werdecker, Andrea
AU - Winkler, Andrea Sylvia
AU - Hay, Simon I.
AU - Ferrari, Alize J.
AU - Naghavi, Mohsen
AU - Allebeck, Peter
AU - Monasta, Lorenzo
N1 - Funding Information: Please see appendix section for more detailed information about individual author contributions to the research, divided into the following categories: providing data or critical feedback on data sources; developing methods or computational machinery; providing critical feedback on methods or results; drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and managing the overall research enterprise. Members of the core research team for this topic area had full access to the underlying data used to generate estimates presented in this article. All other authors had access to and reviewed estimates as part of the research evaluation process, which includes additional stages of formal review. T W Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. F Carvalho acknowledges support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P. in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences - UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB; FCT/MCTES (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020. M Carvalho acknowledges the support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. J S Chandan is funded on a lectureship post by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and has been awarded funds from the NIHR and the Youth Endowment Fund. S Dias da Silva acknowledges the projects UIDP/04378/2021 and UIDB/04378/2021 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences–UCIBIO; the project LA/P/0140/2021 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy–i4HB; and TOXRUN – Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, Portugal. A J Ferrari is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship Grant APP1121516 and is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research which receives core funding from the Queensland Department of Health. S V Katikireddi would like to acknowledge funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). J H Kauppila reports research grants from Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z) and the Medical Research Council, UK (MR/R024227/1, MR/S011676/1). M Kumar would like to acknowledge funding support from K43 TW010716-04/NIH Fogarty International Centre. T Lallukka is supported by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (grant 29/26/2020). J A Loureiro was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Técnologia (FCT) under the Scientific Employment Stimulus [CEECINST/00049/2018]. J J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and is employed by The Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research which receives core funding from the Queensland Health. A-F A Mentis would like to acknowledge funding ‘MilkSafe: A novel pipeline to enrich formula milk using omics technologies’, a research co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH - CREATE - INNOVATE (project code: T2EDK-02222), as well as from ELIDEK (Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, MIMS-860) both outside the submitted work. J P Silva acknowledges support, through Portuguese national funds via FCT/MCTES, from grants number UIDP/04378/2021 and UIDB/04378/2021 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), and LA/P/0140/2021 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB). To download the data used in these analyses, please visit the Global Health Data Exchange GBD 2019 website (http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2019). Funding Information: T W Bärnighausen reports Research grants from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, and WHO; consulting fees from KfW on the OSCAR initiative in Vietnam; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with NIH-funded study “Healthy Options” as Chair, Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB) for the German National Committee on the “Future of Public Health Research and Education”, Chair of the scientific advisory board to the EDCTP Evaluation, Member of the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health Study Section Member on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH), US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Committee for the “Evaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)”, University of Pennsylvania Population Aging Research Center (PARC) External Advisory Board Member; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Co-chair of the Global Health Hub Germany, initiated by the German Ministry of Health); all outside the submitted work. J S Chandan reports grants or contracts from the National Institute of Health Research and has been awarded funds from the NIHR and the Youth Endowment Fund, outside the submitted work. J J Jozwiak reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speaker's bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Teva, Amgen, Synexus, Boehringer Ingelheim, ALAB Laboratories, and Zentiva, all as personal fees and outside the submitted work. S V Katikireddi reports support for the present manuscript form Medical Research Council and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office as funding to their institution. J H Kauppila reports grants or contracts from The Finnish Cancer Foundation, and Sigrid Juselius Foundation as payments made to their institution, outside the submitted work. M Kivimäki reports grants or contracts form Wellcome Trust, UK (221854/Z/20/Z), and the Medical Research Council, UK (MR/R024227/1, MR/S011676/1) as the PI of research funding for their university, outside the submitted work. G Logroscino reports honoraria for lectures from Amplifon, outside the submitted work. J A Louriero reports support for the present manuscript from Fundação para a Ciência e Técnologia (FCT) under the Scientific Employment Stimulus [CEECINST/00049/2018]. A-F A Mentis reports grants or contracts from ‘MilkSafe: A novel pipeline to enrich formula milk using omics technologies’, a research co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH - CREATE - INNOVATE (project code: T2EDK-02222), as well as from ELIDEK (Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, MIMS-860); stock or stock options in a family winery; all outside the submitted work. M J Postma reports stock or stock options from Health-Ecore and PAG, outside the submitted work. N Steel reports grants from Public Health England to their institution, outside the submitted work. R M Viner reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Canadian Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry for lecture on mental health aspects of COVID-19 pandemic; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as the President of Royal College of Paediatrics & Child Health, 2018-2021; all outside the submitted work. Funding Information: T W Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. F Carvalho acknowledges support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences - UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB; FCT/MCTES (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020. M Carvalho acknowledges the support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. J S Chandan is funded on a lectureship post by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and has been awarded funds from the NIHR and the Youth Endowment Fund. S Dias da Silva acknowledges the projects UIDP/04378/2021 and UIDB/04378/2021 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences–UCIBIO; the project LA/P/0140/2021 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy–i4HB; and TOXRUN – Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, Portugal. A J Ferrari is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship Grant APP1121516 and is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research which receives core funding from the Queensland Department of Health. S V Katikireddi would like to acknowledge funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). J H Kauppila reports research grants from Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z) and the Medical Research Council, UK (MR/R024227/1, MR/S011676/1). M Kumar would like to acknowledge funding support from K43 TW010716-04/NIH Fogarty International Centre. T Lallukka is supported by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (grant 29/26/2020). J A Loureiro was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Técnologia (FCT) under the Scientific Employment Stimulus [CEECINST/00049/2018]. J J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and is employed by The Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research which receives core funding from the Queensland Health. A-F A Mentis would like to acknowledge funding ‘MilkSafe: A novel pipeline to enrich formula milk using omics technologies’, a research co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH - CREATE - INNOVATE (project code: T2EDK-02222), as well as from ELIDEK (Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, MIMS-860) both outside the submitted work. J P Silva acknowledges support, through Portuguese national funds via FCT/MCTES, from grants number UIDP/04378/2021 and UIDB/04378/2021 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), and LA/P/0140/2021 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 – 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432–912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9–412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (–29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (–27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
AB - Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 – 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432–912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9–412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (–29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (–27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
KW - Europe
KW - Mental disorders
KW - Mental health
KW - Self-harm
KW - Substance use
KW - Young people
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126962943&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100341
DO - 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100341
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85126962943
SN - 2666-7762
VL - 16
JO - The Lancet Regional Health - Europe
JF - The Lancet Regional Health - Europe
M1 - 100341
ER -