TY - JOUR
T1 - The physical and mental burden of dry eye disease
T2 - A large population-based study investigating the relationship with health-related quality of life and its determinants
AU - Morthen, Mathias Kaurstad
AU - Magno, Morten Schjerven
AU - Utheim, Tor Paaske
AU - Snieder, Harold
AU - Hammond, Christopher J.
AU - Vehof, Jelle
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to acknowledge the services of the Lifelines Cohort Study, the contributing research centres delivering data to Lifelines, and all the study participants. The LifeLines Biobank initiative has been made possible by subsidy from the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG the Netherlands), University of Groningen and the Northern Provinces of the Netherlands. The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Purpose: This large cross-sectional population-based study investigated the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Methods: Dry eye and HR-QoL were assessed in 78,165 participants (19–94 yrs, 59.2% female) from the Dutch population-based Lifelines cohort, using the WHS and the SF36 questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between DED and below median Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) score, corrected for age, sex, education, BMI, and 52 comorbidities. Results: Overall, 8.9% of participants had DED. Participants with DED had an increased risk of low PCS (OR 1.54 (95% CI 1.46–1.62)) and MCS scores (OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.32–1.46)), corrected for age and sex. This risk remained significant after correction for comorbidities (P < 0.0005). Increasing DED symptom frequency was associated with decreasing HR-QoL (P < 0.0005). Undiagnosed DED subjects had a significantly increased risk of low mental HR-QoL with increasing dry eye symptoms compared to diagnosed subjects (P < 0.0005). Compared to allergic conjunctivitis, glaucoma, macular degeneration and retinal detachment, DED showed the highest risk of low HR-QoL. Compared to other common systemic and chronic disorders, such as depression, rheumatoid arthritis, and COPD, DED was distinctive by having a substantial reduction in both PCS and MCS. Conclusion: DED is associated with substantial reductions in both physical and mental HR-QoL, also after correction for associated comorbidities. Not having a diagnosis is associated with worse mental HR-QoL in subjects with severe DED. Our results underline the importance of recognizing dry eye as a serious disorder.
AB - Purpose: This large cross-sectional population-based study investigated the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Methods: Dry eye and HR-QoL were assessed in 78,165 participants (19–94 yrs, 59.2% female) from the Dutch population-based Lifelines cohort, using the WHS and the SF36 questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between DED and below median Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) score, corrected for age, sex, education, BMI, and 52 comorbidities. Results: Overall, 8.9% of participants had DED. Participants with DED had an increased risk of low PCS (OR 1.54 (95% CI 1.46–1.62)) and MCS scores (OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.32–1.46)), corrected for age and sex. This risk remained significant after correction for comorbidities (P < 0.0005). Increasing DED symptom frequency was associated with decreasing HR-QoL (P < 0.0005). Undiagnosed DED subjects had a significantly increased risk of low mental HR-QoL with increasing dry eye symptoms compared to diagnosed subjects (P < 0.0005). Compared to allergic conjunctivitis, glaucoma, macular degeneration and retinal detachment, DED showed the highest risk of low HR-QoL. Compared to other common systemic and chronic disorders, such as depression, rheumatoid arthritis, and COPD, DED was distinctive by having a substantial reduction in both PCS and MCS. Conclusion: DED is associated with substantial reductions in both physical and mental HR-QoL, also after correction for associated comorbidities. Not having a diagnosis is associated with worse mental HR-QoL in subjects with severe DED. Our results underline the importance of recognizing dry eye as a serious disorder.
KW - Burden
KW - Dry eye disease
KW - Health-related quality of life (HR-QoL)
KW - Mental
KW - Physical
KW - Quality of life
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107966587&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.05.006
DO - 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.05.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 34044135
AN - SCOPUS:85107966587
SN - 1542-0124
VL - 21
SP - 107
EP - 117
JO - OCULAR SURFACE
JF - OCULAR SURFACE
ER -