TY - JOUR
T1 - The threshold of an intra oral scanner to measure lesion depth on natural unpolished teeth
AU - Charalambous, Polyvios
AU - O'Toole, Saoirse
AU - Austin, Rupert
AU - Bartlett, David
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was funded via a Medical Research Council Industrial Collaborative Award in Science and Engineering (UK MRC-iCASE) studentship ( MR/R015643/1 ), for which Glaxo-SmithKline Consumer Healthcare Oral Health Research & Development was the industrial collaborator. The funding sources were not involved in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. They read the manuscript prior to submission.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Objectives: To investigate the threshold and accuracy of intraoral scanning in measuring freeform human enamel surfaces. Methods: Software softgauges, ranging between 20 and 160 µm depth, were used to compare four workflow analysis techniques to measure step height on a freeform surface; with or without reference areas and in combination with surface-subtraction to establish which combination produced the most accurate outcome. Having established the optimum combination, 1.5 mm diameter, individual depths ranging from 11 to 81 µm were created separately on 14 unpolished human enamel samples and then scanned with gold standard laboratory optical profilometry (NCLP, TaiCaan Technologies™, XYRIS2000CL, UK) and a clinical intraoral scanner (TrueDefinition™, Midmark Corp., USA). The sequence of surface registration and subtraction determined from the softgauges was used to measure step height on natural human enamel surfaces. Step heights (μm) were compared using two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni (p < 0.05) and Bland-Altman analyses. Results: Software differences were significantly reduced from − 29.7 to − 32.5% without, to − 2.4 to − 3.6% with reference areas (p < 0.0001) and the addition of surface-subtraction after registration reduced this further to 0.0 to − 0.3% (p < 0.0001). The intraoral scanner had a depth discrimination threshold of 73 µm on unpolished natural enamel and significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed compared to NCLP below this level. Significance: The workflow of combining surface-registration and subtraction of surface profiles taken from intraoral scans of freeform unpolished enamel enabled confident measurement of step height above 73 µm. The limits of the scanner is related to data capture and these results provide opportunities for clinical measurement.
AB - Objectives: To investigate the threshold and accuracy of intraoral scanning in measuring freeform human enamel surfaces. Methods: Software softgauges, ranging between 20 and 160 µm depth, were used to compare four workflow analysis techniques to measure step height on a freeform surface; with or without reference areas and in combination with surface-subtraction to establish which combination produced the most accurate outcome. Having established the optimum combination, 1.5 mm diameter, individual depths ranging from 11 to 81 µm were created separately on 14 unpolished human enamel samples and then scanned with gold standard laboratory optical profilometry (NCLP, TaiCaan Technologies™, XYRIS2000CL, UK) and a clinical intraoral scanner (TrueDefinition™, Midmark Corp., USA). The sequence of surface registration and subtraction determined from the softgauges was used to measure step height on natural human enamel surfaces. Step heights (μm) were compared using two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni (p < 0.05) and Bland-Altman analyses. Results: Software differences were significantly reduced from − 29.7 to − 32.5% without, to − 2.4 to − 3.6% with reference areas (p < 0.0001) and the addition of surface-subtraction after registration reduced this further to 0.0 to − 0.3% (p < 0.0001). The intraoral scanner had a depth discrimination threshold of 73 µm on unpolished natural enamel and significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed compared to NCLP below this level. Significance: The workflow of combining surface-registration and subtraction of surface profiles taken from intraoral scans of freeform unpolished enamel enabled confident measurement of step height above 73 µm. The limits of the scanner is related to data capture and these results provide opportunities for clinical measurement.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134879178&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.022
DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.022
M3 - Article
SN - 0109-5641
VL - 38
SP - 1354
EP - 1361
JO - Dental Materials
JF - Dental Materials
IS - 8
ER -