Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)

M. Herdman; C. Gudex; A. Lloyd; M. F. Janssen; P. Kind; David Parkin; G. Bonsel; X. Badia

doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x

Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)

M. Herdman^*, C. Gudex, A. Lloyd, M. F. Janssen, P. Kind, David Parkin, G. Bonsel, X. Badia

^*Corresponding author for this work

Population Health Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6171 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This article introduces the new 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) health status measure.

EQ-5D currently measures health using three levels of severity in five dimensions. A EuroQol Group task force was established to find ways of improving the instrument's sensitivity and reducing ceiling effects by increasing the number of severity levels. The study was performed in the United Kingdom and Spain. Severity labels for 5 levels in each dimension were identified using response scaling. Focus groups were used to investigate the face and content validity of the new versions, including hypothetical health states generated from those versions.

Selecting labels at approximately the 25th, 50th, and 75th centiles produced two alternative 5-level versions. Focus group work showed a slight preference for the wording 'slight-moderate-severe' problems, with anchors of 'no problems' and 'unable to do' in the EQ-5D functional dimensions. Similar wording was used in the Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression dimensions. Hypothetical health states were well understood though participants stressed the need for the internal coherence of health states.

A 5-level version of the EQ-5D has been developed by the EuroQol Group. Further testing is required to determine whether the new version improves sensitivity and reduces ceiling effects.

Original language	English
Article number	N/A
Pages (from-to)	1727-1736
Number of pages	10
Journal	Quality of Life Research
Volume	20
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x
Publication status	Published - Dec 2011

Keywords

Health-related quality of life
EQ-5D
Development
5 level
REPORTED HEALTH-STATUS
STANDARD EQ-5D
GENERAL-POPULATION
3-LEVEL SYSTEM
EUROQOL
RELIABILITY
VALIDITY
NUMBER
SCALES

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Cite this

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title = "Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)",

abstract = "This article introduces the new 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) health status measure. EQ-5D currently measures health using three levels of severity in five dimensions. A EuroQol Group task force was established to find ways of improving the instrument's sensitivity and reducing ceiling effects by increasing the number of severity levels. The study was performed in the United Kingdom and Spain. Severity labels for 5 levels in each dimension were identified using response scaling. Focus groups were used to investigate the face and content validity of the new versions, including hypothetical health states generated from those versions. Selecting labels at approximately the 25th, 50th, and 75th centiles produced two alternative 5-level versions. Focus group work showed a slight preference for the wording 'slight-moderate-severe' problems, with anchors of 'no problems' and 'unable to do' in the EQ-5D functional dimensions. Similar wording was used in the Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression dimensions. Hypothetical health states were well understood though participants stressed the need for the internal coherence of health states. A 5-level version of the EQ-5D has been developed by the EuroQol Group. Further testing is required to determine whether the new version improves sensitivity and reduces ceiling effects.",

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AU - Parkin, David

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ER -

Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)

Abstract

Keywords

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