Nuclear Security in Times of Crisis

This publication explores how broader ‘crises’ – political, economic or societal turmoil, natural disasters or other major unforeseen events – may impact on nuclear security. The effects of these crises are examined through a series of case studies, which chart what can happen when nuclear security systems are placed under strain. In each case, intrinsic tensions and potential weaknesses are identified alongside the different steps taken to stabilise the situation and help ensure that the delivery of nuclear security remains effective. While the focus here is on the analysis of historical cases, general lessons are extracted which may help inform the implementation of nuclear security during the on-going global Covid-19 pandemic and future crises. While Covid-19 is the latest crisis to impact nuclear facilities, it certainly will not be the last. For example, the effects of climate change are likely to have huge impacts on all sectors – including the nuclear industry. Natural disasters such as storms, flooding and forest fires exacerbated by global warming have already impacted upon the operations of nuclear facilities. Take for example the first case study in this publication, the 2000 Cerro Grande wildfire in the United States. Climate change will also have political and economic implications, with mass migration and enhanced competition for resources. Studies, unfortunately, also suggest that the future will likely bring further and more frequent pandemic events. Events of the recent past provide an important opportunity to learn and build resilience in nuclear organisations for a future rife with crises.