TY - JOUR
T1 - Childhood adversities characterize the heterogeneity in the brain pattern of individuals during neurodevelopment
AU - The Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA)
AU - Kashyap, Rajan
AU - Holla, Bharath
AU - Bhattacharjee, Sagarika
AU - Sharma, Eesha
AU - Mehta, Urvakhsh Meherwan
AU - Vaidya, Nilakshi
AU - Bharath, Rose Dawn
AU - Murthy, Pratima
AU - Basu, Debashish
AU - Nanjayya, Subodh Bhagyalakshmi
AU - Singh, Rajkumar Lenin
AU - Lourembam, Roshan
AU - Chakrabarti, Amit
AU - Kartik, Kamakshi
AU - Kalyanram, Kartik
AU - Kumaran, Kalyanaraman
AU - Krishnaveni, Ghattu
AU - Krishna, Murali
AU - Kuriyan, Rebecca
AU - Kurpad, Sunita Simon
AU - Desrivieres, Sylvane
AU - Purushottam, Meera
AU - Barker, Gareth
AU - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
AU - Hickman, Matthew
AU - Heron, Jon
AU - Toledano, Mireille
AU - Schumann, Gunter
AU - Benegal, Vivek
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2024/3/21
Y1 - 2024/3/21
N2 - Background Several factors shape the neurodevelopmental trajectory. A key area of focus in neurodevelopmental research is to estimate the factors that have maximal influence on the brain and can tip the balance from typical to atypical development. Methods Utilizing a dissimilarity maximization algorithm on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the resting state functional MRI data, we classified subjects from the cVEDA neurodevelopmental cohort (n = 987, aged 6-23 years) into homogeneously patterned DMD (representing typical development in 809 subjects) and heterogeneously patterned DMD (indicative of atypical development in 178 subjects). Results Significant DMD differences were primarily identified in the default mode network (DMN) regions across these groups (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). While the groups were comparable in cognitive performance, the atypical group had more frequent exposure to adversities and faced higher abuses (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Upon evaluating brain-behavior correlations, we found that correlation patterns between adversity and DMN dynamic modes exhibited age-dependent variations for atypical subjects, hinting at differential utilization of the DMN due to chronic adversities. Conclusion Adversities (particularly abuse) maximally influence the DMN during neurodevelopment and lead to the failure in the development of a coherent DMN system. While DMN's integrity is preserved in typical development, the age-dependent variability in atypically developing individuals is contrasting. The flexibility of DMN might be a compensatory mechanism to protect an individual in an abusive environment. However, such adaptability might deprive the neural system of the faculties of normal functioning and may incur long-term effects on the psyche.
AB - Background Several factors shape the neurodevelopmental trajectory. A key area of focus in neurodevelopmental research is to estimate the factors that have maximal influence on the brain and can tip the balance from typical to atypical development. Methods Utilizing a dissimilarity maximization algorithm on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the resting state functional MRI data, we classified subjects from the cVEDA neurodevelopmental cohort (n = 987, aged 6-23 years) into homogeneously patterned DMD (representing typical development in 809 subjects) and heterogeneously patterned DMD (indicative of atypical development in 178 subjects). Results Significant DMD differences were primarily identified in the default mode network (DMN) regions across these groups (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). While the groups were comparable in cognitive performance, the atypical group had more frequent exposure to adversities and faced higher abuses (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Upon evaluating brain-behavior correlations, we found that correlation patterns between adversity and DMN dynamic modes exhibited age-dependent variations for atypical subjects, hinting at differential utilization of the DMN due to chronic adversities. Conclusion Adversities (particularly abuse) maximally influence the DMN during neurodevelopment and lead to the failure in the development of a coherent DMN system. While DMN's integrity is preserved in typical development, the age-dependent variability in atypically developing individuals is contrasting. The flexibility of DMN might be a compensatory mechanism to protect an individual in an abusive environment. However, such adaptability might deprive the neural system of the faculties of normal functioning and may incur long-term effects on the psyche.
KW - abuse
KW - adverse childhood experiences
KW - brain-behavior correlation
KW - default mode network
KW - functional MRI
KW - heterogeneity in resting state
KW - neurodevelopment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85190126448&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S0033291724000710
DO - 10.1017/S0033291724000710
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85190126448
SN - 0033-2917
JO - Psychological Medicine
JF - Psychological Medicine
ER -